The Czech Republic, likewise called Czechia, is a landlocked nation in Central Europe. Historically called Bohemia, it is surrounded by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and also Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a sloping landscape that covers a location of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a primarily warm continental as well as oceanic climate. The funding and biggest city is Prague; other significant cities as well as metropolitan locations include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec.

The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Realm in 1002 and also came to be a kingdom in 1198. Following the Fight of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was slowly incorporated right into the Habsburg monarchy. The Protestant Hippie Rebellion resulted in the Thirty Years’ War. After the Battle of the White Hill, the Habsburgs consolidated their guideline. With the dissolution of the Holy Empire in 1806, the Crown lands became part of the Austrian Empire.

In the 19th century, the Czech lands came to be extra industrialized, and also in 1918 most of it became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic complying with the collapse of Austria-Hungary after World War I. Czechoslovakia was the only nation in Central as well as Eastern Europe to stay a parliamentary democracy during the entirety of the interwar duration. After the Munich Arrangement in 1938, Nazi Germany systematically took control over the Czech lands. Czechoslovakia was recovered in 1945 as well as became an Eastern Bloc communist state adhering to a coup d’état in 1948. Attempts at a liberalization of the federal government and economy were subdued by a Soviet-led intrusion of the nation during the Prague Spring in 1968. In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country, and on 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia was liquified, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic as well as Slovakia.

The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic as well as developed country with an innovative, high-income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social design, global health care and also tuition-free college education. It rates 12th in the UN inequality-adjusted human development and also 24th worldwide Financial Institution Human Being Funding Index. It ranks as the 9th safest and also most calm country and also 31st in democratic governance. The Czech Republic is a member of NATO, the European Union, OECD, OSCE, as well as the Council of Europe.